• แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ 1: แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜ 2019

    2019 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒฃแƒšแƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒžแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—

  • แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ

    แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ“แƒ, แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒฃแƒ›แƒ”แƒขแƒ”แƒก, แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜แƒก „แƒญแƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก“ แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ–แƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒงแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ˜ (แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—)แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒจแƒ”. แƒ”แƒก แƒแƒฃแƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒฎแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒกแƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฎแƒ“แƒแƒ  แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒขแƒฃแƒš แƒ›แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒแƒก, แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒคแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜; แƒแƒœ แƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ’แƒแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฃแƒฌแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘; แƒแƒœ (แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ”แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒจแƒ˜) แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฎแƒกแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ—แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒ›แƒ˜แƒแƒฌแƒแƒ“แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒ˜แƒœแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒแƒœแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒก (แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒก).

  • Sir Vival - แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒกแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ

    แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒช แƒฎแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒฎแƒแƒœ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒก แƒฃแƒกแƒฌแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ: แƒขแƒ”แƒฅแƒœแƒแƒšแƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ–แƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ— แƒ—แƒฃ แƒ.แƒจ. แƒฃแƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ˜ "แƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒจแƒ•แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ" แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ 1958 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก Sir Vival-แƒ˜แƒ. แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒขแƒ”แƒ  แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ—แƒแƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒ“แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒžแƒ แƒแƒ”แƒฅแƒขแƒ˜ 10 แƒฌแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒแƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ–แƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ“แƒ” แƒ•แƒ”แƒ  แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฃแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒคแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒขแƒ˜แƒขแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒช แƒ“แƒแƒ˜แƒ›แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒฃแƒ แƒ. แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒแƒ“, แƒ˜แƒ’แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ 1957 แƒฌแƒšแƒ˜แƒก Aurora-แƒกแƒ—แƒแƒœ แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒแƒ“ แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒแƒšแƒฃแƒ  แƒฃแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ แƒ—แƒฎแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒจแƒ”แƒ˜แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒ.

  • แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

    แƒกแƒแƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ แƒขแƒ แƒแƒœแƒกแƒžแƒแƒ แƒขแƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒฆแƒ”แƒ˜แƒกแƒ—แƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ” (แƒแƒœ แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒแƒ“ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒ”) แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒฃแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ” แƒจแƒ˜แƒ’แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒแƒฆแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒจแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒฌแƒ•แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ”แƒ’แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฆแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ  แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ“.

  • แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก Top fuel แƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ’แƒแƒœ

    แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ•แƒ— แƒจแƒ”แƒฅแƒ›แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒ›แƒแƒฆแƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒซแƒšแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ” 4 แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜ (Stroke) แƒซแƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ, แƒแƒ แƒกแƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒ‘แƒก แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ” แƒ›แƒ”แƒ—แƒแƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒฆแƒฌแƒ”แƒ•แƒแƒ“. แƒžแƒ˜แƒ แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜: แƒ’แƒแƒ•แƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ— แƒขแƒแƒฅแƒขแƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ”แƒแƒ แƒ”: แƒ“แƒแƒ•แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒแƒ— แƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒœแƒ/แƒกแƒฃแƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒฉแƒแƒ แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜. แƒ›แƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ” แƒ“แƒ แƒ‘แƒแƒšแƒ: แƒจแƒ”แƒ•แƒชแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒแƒ— แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœแƒ–แƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒกแƒฎแƒ•แƒ แƒฃแƒคแƒ แƒ แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—. แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒช แƒจแƒ”แƒ”แƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ Top fuel แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒ’แƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก, แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ•แƒ”แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ™แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒœ.

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Sunday, December 6, 2015

VW’s emissions scandal costs may force them to sell Bugatti, Lamborghini and Ducati


Faced with the possibility of astronomical costs due to the emissions fraud scandal, Volkswagen may have to consider downsizing their 12-brand empire built over the past two decades, which produces from cars to motorcycles to trucks. Bugatti, Lamborghini, and Ducati might be some of the “expendable” brands for not having such satisfactory profits.


Although in the past the German group could afford to sustain these superfluous assets, this money will now be needed to help cover the costs of their financial crisis.
“VW has several brands that fall into the ‘nice to have’ category,” said Stefan Bratzel, director of the Center of Automotive Management at the University of Applied Sciences in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, estimating the scandal will cost VW as much as 30 billion euros ($34 billion). “Bugatti, Lamborghini, Ducati too — they’re not core to the company in terms of making money.”
Although VW did not yet disclose the specific financial figures of Lamborghini and Bugatti, neither contribute significantly to the final results of the group.
“Bugatti is among the most superfluous things in the Volkswagen Group,” said Frank Schwope, a Hanover, Germany-based analyst with NordLB. “It’s an image enhancer in good times, but in bad times like now, people are likely to point their finger at the brand wondering what VW seeks to achieve.”
In addition to these brands, analysts also point to the sale of Scania in Sweden or MAN in Germany, both of which are also struggling to show significant profits.
Last week, the automaker announced that it will recall 8.5 million diesel vehicles in Europe to rectify diesel engines affected by the fraudulent software. Chief Executive Officer Matthias Mueller says the scandal consequences will cost much more than the 6.5 billion euros that the automaker has already made available to cover the costs.
                                       Source: interestingengineering.com